Nuclear model calculations on the production of Sb via various nuclear reactions

Only very few radionuclides exist that decay exclusively by EC-mode without accompanying radiation, ¹¹⁹Sb is one of them. Auger emitter ¹¹⁹Sb (T_1/2 = 38.9 h, I_EC = 100%) is a potent nuclide for targeted radionuclide therapy based on theoretical dosimetry calculations at a subcellular scale. Auger electron emitting radionuclides in cancer therapy offer the opportunity to deliver a high radiation dose to the tumor cells with high radiotoxicity while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue.     

基于VC++的多波形信号参数自动校准软件的开发

以VC++作为程序开发环境,针对可以产生多波形信号的函数信号发生器进行的自动校准软件的开发.介绍软件的开发意义、软件界面的设计、软件运行的机制和承载载体以及校准结果的处理.     

Moderators and mediators of the stress-aggression relationship: Executive function and state anger.

The present study examined the effects of executive function (i.e., EF) and anger/hostility on the relationship between stress (across individual stress domains, as well as at the aggregate level) and aggression. Two independent groups of participants—a college sample and a low-income community sample—were administered a battery of self-report measures concerning the subjective experience of stress, aggressive behaviors, and feelings of state anger and hostility in the last month, along with a battery of well-validated neuropsychological tests of EF. Across both samples, the stress domains that demonstrated the strongest associations with aggression were those involving chronic strains of daily living (e.g., job, financial, health) versus interpersonal stressors (e.g., family, romantic). In the community sample, analyses also revealed a significant interaction between perceived stress (aggregated across domains) and EF in predicting aggressive behavior. Specifically, participants with relatively low EF abilities, across different EF processes, showed a stronger relationship between different domains of stress and aggression in the last month. Similar effects were demonstrated in the college sample, although the interaction was not significant. In both samples, experiences of anger and hostility in the last month mediated the relationship between perceived stress (aggregate) and aggressive behavior among those low, but not high, in EF. These findings highlight the importance of higher-order cognitive processes in regulating appropriate affective and behavioral responses across different types of individuals, particularly among those experiencing high levels of stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: This experiment tested the hypothesis that exercise would improve executive function. Design: Sedentary, overweight 7- to 11-year-old children (N = 171, 56% girls, 61% Black, M ± SD age = 9.3 ± 1.0 years, body mass index [BMI] = 26 ± 4.6 kg/m2, BMI z-score = 2.1 ± 0.4) were randomized to 13 ± 1.6 weeks of an exercise program (20 or 40 min/day), or a control condition. Main Outcome Measures: Blinded, standardized psychological evaluations (Cognitive Assessment System and Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III) assessed cognition and academic achievement. Functional MRI measured brain activity during executive function tasks. Results: Intent to treat analysis revealed dose-response benefits of exercise on executive function and mathematics achievement. Preliminary evidence of increased bilateral prefrontal cortex activity and reduced bilateral posterior parietal cortex activity attributable to exercise was also observed. Conclusion: Consistent with results obtained in older adults, a specific improvement on executive function and brain activation changes attributable to exercise were observed. The cognitive and achievement results add evidence of dose-response and extend experimental evidence into childhood. This study provides information on an educational outcome. Besides its importance for maintaining weight and reducing health risks during a childhood obesity epidemic, physical activity may prove to be a simple, important method of enhancing aspects of children's mental functioning that are central to cognitive development. This information may persuade educators to implement vigorous physical activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

黏性流体环境中压电宏纤维致动柔性结构的流固耦合振动特性及试验

柔性结构与周围流体的耦合作用机制广泛应用于仿生机器人、水下航行器、精密仪器及生命医疗等领域。具有驱动变形大、防水性好且柔韧性好的压电宏纤维（Macro fiber composite,MFC）致动器是水下柔性结构变形控制的首选。建立MFC内部致动弯矩和水动力载荷共同作用下柔性结构的流固耦合动力学模型。对粘贴MFC致动器的柔性结构特征截面进行计算流体动力学（Computational fluid dynamics,CFD）分析,得到不同振动特征频率下柔性结构周围流场、压力分布及所受水动力载荷,分别拟合得到MFC致动柔性结构水动力函数的实部和虚部表达式。结果表明柔性结构水动力载荷的附加质量和阻尼效应都随着振动频率的增加而减小。在等振动特征频率下,MFC致动梁结构水动力函数的实部大于匀质等截面梁的实部;在高振动频率下其水动力函数虚部同样大于匀质等截面梁。试验测试了MFC致动柔性结构的水下振动特性,试验所得MFC激励下柔性结构末端稳定振动的幅频特性和相频特性与建立的耦合动力模型相吻合,证实了所建立MFC致动柔性结构的水动力函数及流固耦合振动模型的有效性。     

基于频域滤波的电缆线芯图像纹理消除研究

电缆作为电力传输的重要部分,其线芯质量关系到用电安全及传输效率。 在利用机器视觉技术测量电缆线芯结构参数 时,刀痕纹理严重影响了图像分割效果,降低了测量精度。 针对这一问题,提出了一种基于改进频域滤波的线芯截面图像刀痕 纹理消除方法:首先采用相对总变差模型分解线芯截面图像,得到纹理图像描述;对线芯截面纹理图像进行快速傅里叶变换,分 析刀痕纹理在频域中的能量主方向;研究改进型巴特沃斯陷波滤波器,设计椭圆形的邻域窄阻带以降低刀痕纹理对应的带状区 域能量,从而消除刀痕纹理。 实验结果表明,该方法的刀痕纹理消除率可达 92% ,提升了电缆线芯质量检测的效率。     

基于加速应力试验的钽电容性能退化分析与建模研究

针对以3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)导电聚合物的固体钽电容,本文以温度和湿度为加速试验应力,采用变间隔测量法搭建4种应力85℃/85%RH、95℃/70%RH、95℃/85%RH、110℃/85%RH水平下的钽电容恒定应力加速退化试验平台,获取性能退化参量电容量和损耗因数的退化数据。针对在温湿度加速应力下钽电容退化参数的非单一变化趋势,利用有序聚类算法进行退化区间划分;基于误差函数斜率的变化率确定最佳分类数,获得钽电容的稳定退化区间;基于数据重构和维纳过程对电容量和损耗因数进行拟合,拟合精度分别达到97%和95%,验证维纳过程建模的有效性;结合Copula函数建立基于随机效应维纳过程的钽电容二元加速退化模型,进行钽电容可靠性评估,推导正常应力水平下产品寿命,符合寿命12～15年的规定。结果表明二元加速退化模型能够进行钽电容的退化性能分析和寿命预测。     

重磁异常的快速均衡边界识别方法

边界识别是位场数据解释中一项重要任务,可用于资源探测等领域,是目前研究的热点问题之一。对于深部异常体目标,采用传统的边界识别方法易出现模糊、发散、变形等问题,而改进的方法大多采用高阶导数,虽然能够很好地识别出深部异常体边界,但是计算复杂,易受噪声干扰。为了改善以上问题,提出了一种稳定的快速边界识别方法,仅利用符号函数和重磁垂直导数数据,即可均衡识别不同深度的目标,且避免了高阶导数的计算。通过理论模型的实验与对比,验证了方法的便捷性、有效性、抗斜磁化能力以及抗噪能力。同时,应用实测数据验证了方法在复杂重磁环境下,能够准确清晰地分辨出异常体,可节约相关研究人员的大量时间与精力,具有很好地应用前景。     

滑动轴承运行模态参数理论分析及试验验证

滑动轴承的模态参数是其状态监测的重要指标,而轴承表面的磨损、润滑条件以及工作条件对轴承的模态参数有很大影响。为有效监测滑动轴承运行模态参数从而实现其早期故障检测,建立滑动轴承动力学模型并用复模态分析方法提取出系统的模态参数,研究滑动轴承的润滑油与轴承表面的作用诱导高频振动的机制,分析转速、载荷和润滑剂黏度对模态参数的影响,并进行实验验证。结果表明:轴承的润滑对于系统的高频振动有很大的影响;油膜刚度较高时,受润滑影响的模态阶数较少,并且转速的提高会导致固有频率先升高后降低;高频带范围内随着载荷增大振幅增大,低频带内润滑剂黏度增加模态频率降低。     

基于改进蚁群算法的机器人路径规划研究

针对基本蚁群算法在路径规划时出现收敛速度慢,易陷局部最优的问题,提出一种改进的蚁群算法。首先,为使算法在搜索时更具导向性引入方向夹角启发因子减少提高搜索速度;其次,融入A*算法的估价函数思想来改进启发函数,降低死锁可能性;最后,提出基于拉普拉斯概率分布的信息素挥发因子自适应策略,加快了算法收敛速度。多次仿真实验表明,所提出的改进算法能够快速,高效地寻找到最优路径,且路径质量优于基本蚁群算法规划出的路径。